![]() If the median and interquartile range (IQR) was reported in a study, we assumed that the median of the outcome variable was equal to the mean response and width of the interquartile range was approximately 1.35 standard deviation. The cumulative use of opioid analgesics was defined as the cumulative amount (sum) within 24 hours after surgery (mg) In addition, planned subgroup analysis of treatment effectiveness was performed according to difference interventions (ie, acupuncture eletroacupuncture, transcutaneous electric acupoint stimulation (TEAS), and control).įor the different outcomes, mean with standard deviations (SDs) were calculated and were compared between treatment groups. The secondary outcome was the cumulative use of opioid analgesics in the acupuncture and control treatment groups. The primary outcome was the pain score on the first day (Day 1) following surgery. The review and selection of studies, study data extraction, and quality assessment were hand-searched by two independent reviewers, and if necessary a third reviewer was consulted to resolve any uncertainties regarding the inclusion. Studies were also excluded if the outcomes of interest were not presented quantitatively. Letters, comments, editorials, care reports, technical reports, or any non-original studies were excluded. Only papers published in English or Chinese were included. Studies that evaluated auricular acupuncture were excluded. Randomized placebo or sham controlled trials of adult subjects (≥ 18 years) who had undergone surgery and received acupuncture, electroacupuncture, or acupoint electrical stimulation for managing acute post-operative pain were included. The following search terms were used: acupuncture, electroacupuncture, acupoint electrical stimulation, postoperative pain. MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases were searched until Sep 30, 2014. This meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we further evaluated the effectiveness of acupuncture and acupuncture-related techniques in treating postoperative pain. Since the publication of these two meta-analyses, additional trials have evaluated the use of acupuncture as adjuvant therapy in treating postoperative pain. ![]() The other, which was performed in 2008, evaluated the use of acupuncture more broadly following surgery. One focused on the use of acupuncture following back surgery. Two prior meta-analyses evaluated the use of acupuncture in treating postoperative pain. A number of clinical studies have evaluated the efficacy of acupuncture and related methods as adjuvant treatment for postoperative analgesia. Īcupuncture is often used to treat pain, and numerous studies have found it is safe compared to routine care. However, even with individualized pharmacological approaches for treating postoperative pain, the side effects of opioid analgesics remain high. The use of customized strategies for administering analgesic, for example patient controlled analgesia, is designed to reduce consumption of opioid analgesics and have resulted in better pain control. However, these drugs are associated with a number of undesirable side effects which can delay patient recovery including nausea, vomiting, dizziness, sedation, and decreased gut motility. ![]() The mainstay of treating postoperative pain is the use of opioid analgesics such a morphine, hydromorphine, meperidine, or fentanyl. About 75% of patients experience moderate or severe pain following surgery. Postoperative pain results from surgical trauma and is a significant challenge for healthcare providers. ![]()
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